Which of the following is an example of a protective factor that fosters resilience in a school setting?

• A. Strict punishment by teachers.
• B. Strong relationships with teachers or peers.
• C. Unstructured unsupervised time after school.
• D. Lack of access to counseling services.

Answer: (B)

In resilience, protective factors are things that help people cope with stress and keep functioning well, especially in challenging situations. In a school setting, having strong relationships with teachers or peers provides emotional support, models of positive coping, and a sense of belonging. This makes students more likely to reach out for help, stay engaged, and persist through difficulties, which strengthens their ability to adapt.

The other options don’t provide that buffering support: strict punishment can erode trust and motivation; unstructured unsupervised time after school can increase risk without supervision or guidance; and lacking access to counseling removes an important source of support. Therefore, supportive relationships best foster resilience in school.