Which of the following is an example of a protective factor in adolescence?

• A. Chronic stress
• B. Unstable housing
• C. Limited access to health resources
• D. Supportive peer relationships

Answer: (D)

Protective factors are conditions that help shield individuals from the negative effects of stress and reduce the likelihood of problems emerging. In adolescence, supportive peer relationships act as a buffer by providing emotional support, a sense of belonging, and positive role modeling. When teens feel accepted by peers who encourage healthy coping and help them navigate challenges, they’re better equipped to manage stress, resist risky behaviors, and maintain mental and emotional well-being.

Chronic stress, unstable housing, and limited access to health resources are all risk factors that can increase vulnerability to problems like mental health issues, poor academic outcomes, or risky behaviors. They don’t provide the protective steun that peers can offer, which is why the option describing supportive peer relationships is the best example of a protective factor.