What are protective factors in mental health?

• A. Conditions or attributes that increase the risk of mental illness.
• B. Conditions or attributes that reduce risk and promote wellbeing (e.g., supportive relationships, good sleep, healthy coping strategies).
• C. Factors that cause mental illness during stress.
• D. Treatments that cure mental illness.

Answer: (B)

Protective factors in mental health are conditions or attributes that reduce the risk of mental health problems and promote wellbeing. They help people cope with stress, build resilience, and maintain positive functioning even when faced with challenges. Examples include supportive relationships, good sleep, healthy coping strategies, regular physical activity, effective problem-solving skills, and access to resources like healthcare and stable housing. Because they actively bolster resilience and wellbeing, this description fits best.

The other descriptions describe risk factors—elements that increase the chance of developing mental illness—factors that act as causes under stress, or treatments aimed at managing or curing illness. These are not protective factors, which is why they don’t fit as well.