A key advantage of fMRI over EEG is ...

• A. Superior temporal resolution
• B. Real-time electrical activity
• C. High spatial specificity in localizing activation
• D. Minimal infrastructure needs

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is how each method localizes brain activity. fMRI tracks changes in blood flow related to neural activity, so when a region becomes active, the local blood supply increases and the fMRI signal highlights that exact area, giving a high level of spatial specificity. EEG, on the other hand, records electrical activity from the scalp. Those signals reflect many sources inside the head and are smeared by the skull and scalp, making it hard to pinpoint where exactly the activity started—great temporal precision, but poorer spatial localization. So the main advantage of fMRI over EEG is its ability to localize activation with high spatial specificity. The other statements don’t fit: fMRI isn’t superior in temporal resolution (that’s EEG), it doesn’t measure real-time electrical activity directly (it measures blood flow changes with a delay), and it requires substantial infrastructure rather than minimal setup.